African Legends. Queen Aminatu.

Hello everybody! Today is Friday - Legends Day!
Queen Aminatu
People living in Africa deeply respect their outstanding ancestors and keep stories about them and pass these stories from generation to generation.
Our next acquaintance with the great warrior named Aminatu.
Just three months after she was crowned queen, Amina launched a 34-year military campaign against her neighbours to expand Zazzau's territory. Its army of 20,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry was well trained and intimidated. In fact, one of her first statements to her people was a call to them to "sharpen their weapons." She conquered large tracts of land.
Queen Aminatu, daughter of Bakwa Turunku, was a great warrior of the Hausa tribe in Northern Nigeria. She is known as a warrior princess, inheriting from her mother an assertive and courageous character.
Her mother built the capital, Zazzau. The city was one of the original seven states of Hausaland in the 16th century. As a member of the royal family, Amina chose to hone her martial skills and she soon became one of Zazzau's greatest warriors.
She ruled in the middle of the sixteenth century. Her real biography was somewhat obscured by subsequent legends and folk tales.
Amina was born in Sfax, Tunisia, and it is said that she loved fairy tales as a child.
At sixteen, Amina was named Magadzhia (heiress) and she was given forty slaves.
From an early age, they tried to marry Amina.
Attempts to get her hand included what is said to be a "daily offer of ten slaves" from Makama and "fifty male slaves and fifty female slaves, as well as fifty bags of blue and white cloth" from Emir Kano.
After the death of her parents in 1566, Amina's brother became king of Zazzau.
By this point, Amina had established herself as "the leading warrior in her brother's cavalry" and gained fame for her martial skills.
In traditional Hausa songs of praise, she is still called β€œAmina, daughter of Nikatau, a woman as capable as a man, who could lead men into battle.
After the death of her brother Karami in 1576, Amina became queen.
Before Amina ascended the throne, Zazzau was one of the largest states. He was also the main source of slaves to be sold in the Kano and Katsin slave markets by Arab merchants.
Just three months after she was crowned queen, Amina launched a 34-year military campaign against her neighbours to expand Zazzau's territory. Its army of 20,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry was well trained and intimidated. In fact, one of her first statements to her people was a call to them to "sharpen their weapons." She conquered large tracts of land.
Legends quoted by Sydney John Hogben say that she made herself a new lover in every town she passed through, each of whom was said to have suffered the same unhappy fate in the morning: "her unfortunate fiance was beheaded."
Under Amin, Zazzau controlled more territories than ever before. To celebrate and protect her new lands, Amina surrounded her cities with earthen walls. These walls became common throughout the country until the British conquest of Zazzau in 1904, and many of them survive to this day, known as the Amina Ganuvar (Amina Walls).
While Amina's success as ruler did not affect her successors, Amina enjoyed a solid reputation as a warrior woman bordering on a legend.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ всСм! БСгодня пятница- дСнь Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄!

ΠšΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π° Аминату
Π›ΡŽΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π² АфрикС Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ своих Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ хранят истории ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ эти истории ΠΈΠ· поколСния Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
НашС ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ знакомство с Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡ‚ Аминату.
МнС Π½Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ интСрСсны эти истории, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ‚Π°ΡŽ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° дСлюсь ΠΈΠΌΠΈ с Π’Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΡŒΡ!
ΠšΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π° Аминату, Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π‘Π°ΠΊΠ²Π° Π’ΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡƒ, Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π₯ауса Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ НигСрии. Она извСстна ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ принцСсса-Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°, ΡƒΠ½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ напористый ΠΈ смСлый Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€.
Π•Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ построила столицу Π—Π°Π·Π·Π°Ρƒ. Π“ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· сСми ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π₯аусалСнда Π² 16 Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅. Π‘ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈ Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ королСвской сСмьи, Амина ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π»Π° ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ свои Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ вскорС ΠΎΠ½Π° стала ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π—Π°Π·Π·Π°Ρƒ.
Она ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π² сСрСдинС ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π½Π°Π΄Ρ†Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π•Π΅ настоящая биография Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° нСсколько Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ сказками.
Амина Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² БфаксС, ВунисС, ΠΈ говорят Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² дСтствС ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ любила сказки.
Π’ ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π½Π°Π΄Ρ†Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Амину Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ МагадТиСй (наслСдницСй) ΠΈ Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ сорок Ρ€Π°Π±Ρ‹Π½ΡŒ.
Π‘ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ возраста Амину ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΌΡƒΠΆ.
ΠŸΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΅ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡƒ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ, говорится Β«Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дСсяти Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΠ²Β» ΠΎΡ‚ ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ‚ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½-Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ‚ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½-Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ‚ мСшков Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎ-синСй Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΒ» ΠΎΡ‚ эмира Кано.
ПослС смСрти Π΅Π΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² 1566 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Амины стал ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π—Π°Π·Π·Π°Ρƒ.
К этому ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρƒ Амина Π·Π°Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° сСбя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ своСго Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°Β» ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ благодаря своим Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ.
Π’ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ…Π²Π°Π»Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… пСснях хауса Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ «Аминой, Π΄ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€ΡŒΡŽ Никатау, ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, способной, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°, которая ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° вСсти ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π² Π±ΠΎΠΉ.
ПослС смСрти своСго Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² 1576 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Амина стала ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ.
Π”ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Амина вступила Π½Π° прСстол, Π—Π°Π·Π·Π°Ρƒ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… государств. Он Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» основным источником Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒΠΈΡ… Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Кано ΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ‚ΡΠΈΠ½Π° арабскими ΠΊΡƒΠΏΡ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ВсСго Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ мСсяца послС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ, Амина объявила 34-Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΡŽΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ кампанию ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² своих сосСдСй, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ Π—Π°Π·Π·Π°Ρƒ. Π•Π΅ армия, состоящая ΠΈΠ· 20 000 ΠΏΠ΅Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π² ΠΈ 1 000 кавалСристов, Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΠ°Π»Π°. ЀактичСски, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΅Π΅ заявлСний для своСго Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Ρ‹Π² ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Β«Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ своС ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ΅Β» . Она Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°Π»Π° большиС участки Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ.
Π›Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ‹, Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π‘ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π΅Π΅ΠΌ Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π₯ΠΎΠ³Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ, говорят, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° сСбС Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ любовника Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, постигала Ρ‚Π° ΠΆΠ΅ нСсчастная ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ: Β«Π΅Π΅ нСсчастного ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ…Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π³Π»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Β»
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ АминС Π—Π°Π·Π·Π°Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ большС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅. Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ свои Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ, Амина ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° свои Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° зСмляными стСнами. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ стСны стали ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ явлСниСм ΠΏΠΎ всСй странС Π΄ΠΎ британского завоСвания Π—Π°Π·Π·Π°Ρƒ Π² 1904 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, извСстныС ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π°Π½ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ€ Амина (стСны Амины).
Π₯отя успСх Амины ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ повлиял Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ наслСдниц, Амина пользовалась ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹-Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π°, Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ с Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΉ.








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